The Battle Of Gaugamela By Alexander The Great - 1869 Words

The Battle of Gaugamela SSG Hennessey, Timothy J USAICoE NCOA, Class 15-003 Alexander the Great is arguably the greatest general and military strategist to have ever lived. He never lost a battle, and before his thirtieth birthday, he had conquered from Greece to India. His military conquests paved the way for Hellinization, the spread of Greek culture, throughout the world. Though Alexander’s reign was short, he left an indelible mark on not only his kingdom but on the world to come. He was an inspiration for Napoleon and Caesar. His name marks dozens of cities across the globe. None of this would have been possible, though, if he hadn’t defeated King Darius III and the Persian Empire. The greatest of Alexander’s†¦show more content†¦As is common following the assassination of a ruler in ancient times, Alexander solidified his role as King of Macedon by executing or otherwise eliminating all rivals to the throne. He then focused southward, into Greece and the rebellious city-states. The primary states he concerned himself with were Thessaly, Thermopylae, and Athens. As would be his fashion in all of his campaigns, he moved his army swiftly into Greece before the Greeks could prepare for his arrival. Thessaly and Thermopylae quickly, and without bloodshed, recognized him as their ruler. Before the end of 336, Alexander had been recognized as the leader of the League of Corinth by all of Greece, with the exception of Sparta. The only revolt was by Thebes, in 335 and, once again, Alexander responded to this revolt quickly and swiftly. Within three days, the city was razed, soldiers slaughtered with ruthless efficiency, and women and children sold into slavery. Once Thebes was dealt with, Athens gave its wholehearted support to Alexander and the Corinthian League. Once he had finished consolidating his power within Macedon and Greece, Alexander set his sights on the Persian Empire and all of Asia. In 334, only two years after taking power, Alexander marched his army west, navigated the Hellespont, and crossed into Persian territory for the first time. Though he left Antipater and some of his troops in behind to ensure the Greeks did not revolt again, he took close to 30,000 infantry and 5,100 cavalry

Mahatma Gandhi An Ordinary Student Essay - 1658 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, most of them knew as â€Å"Mahatma† which means â€Å"Great Soul†. He was born in Porbandar, Gujarti Province in North West India, on 2nd October 1865. He was born as the third son to a wealthy family. His father’s name is Karamchand Gandhi and he was the Chief Minister of Porbandar Regional Government. His Mother, Puttibai, was a Hindu of the tenets is non-injury to living beings, vegetarianism, fasting and mutual broad-mindedness at very tender age. His ancestors belonged to the Vaishya (Trading) class, the third of the previous castes of Hinduism. His Father and grandfather were both reputed as much for honesty and loyal service as for their unbending sense of honor. Little Mohandas Gandhi was an ordinary student. He was shy and soft spoken. In India, they are many religion books such as Ramayana, Bhagavath Gita and Manusmiriti. They all talk about the ancient history of India. At the age of 13 he got married. His wife’s name is Kasturba. It is an arranged marriage and she gave completely supported to his work. They had four sons. He passed the matriculation exam at Samaldas College of Bhavanager. At age 18, in September 1888, Gandhi was left India for his higher studies to London without his family in order to qualify as a Barrister. He started his studies in University College London. He attempted to make himself into an English gentleman. He bought new suits, fine turned his English accent, learned French and took violin and dance lessons to fit intoShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King919 Words   |  4 PagesLuther King Junior and Mahatma Gandhi both struggled, I think that the charisma in them influenced social change, because of their tactics used, like non-violence. Martin Luther King Junior and Gandhi both functions as charismatic leaders and influenced others with their fascinatingly positive attitudes. 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His father belonged to the family of grocers but himself was a minister in the court of a localRead MoreSocial Intelligence and Life Skills2188 Words   |  9 PagesRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LIFE SKILLS OF SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION STUDENTS The process of education is considered so important in our society. It has become an integral part of our lives in the twenty first century with a special focus on life skills. As we are living in a society in which special skills, in particular, social abilities are needed to build and to maintain the community. People have evolved special competencies to allow them to survive and to reproduceRead MoreFreedom Fighters of India11786 Words   |  48 PagesSeptember 1923 and at 35 years of age, was the youngest man to be elected the President of the Congress.   Gopal Krishna Gokhale Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress. He was the political Guru of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation. He also presided over the annual session of the Congress at Benaras in the year 1905. He was also opposed to the entry of the extremists in the Congress.   Jawaharlal Nehru Pt Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bhagavad Gita 1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theory and parallelism between the two elements which are: word and action to gain the highest ultimate knowledge a human being can obtain here on earth. Many iconic thinkers to name a few have been inspired by the Gita; such would include Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein and Albert Schweitzer. Some of the most important concepts that will need to be taken into consideration during this investigation include Karma, Selflessness, and selfless service within one to explore the ultimate theory ofRead MoreRealism in Poetry of Rabindranath Tagore3311 Words   |  14 Pagesintegral whole, the Rishi, the Gurudev. His active literary career extended over a period of 65 years. He wrote probably the largest number of lyrics ever attempted by any poet. He mused and wrote and traveled and talked untiringly. Tagore, just to Mahatma Gandhi and Sri Aurobindo, has been the supreme inspi ration to millions in modern India. Rabindranath Tagore was well aware of moral and religious consideration, social political and environmental conditions of his time. Man was a centre point in hisRead MoreTruman1435 Words   |  6 Pagesyear-old pastor of a Baptist church emerged as the movement’s leading spokesman†¦Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. * King’s philosophy utilized the principle of civil disobedience preached by Henry David Thoreau and practiced by Mahatma Gandhi. * He studied the nonviolent protest practiced by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and followed the call to mass action demonstrated by A. 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Pop Culture in Todays Society Team Assigment Free Essays

Popular culture changes frequently and occurs exceptionally in place and time. It forms currents and represents a complex of mutually interdependent perspectives and values that influence society and its institutions in a various amount of ways. Today, we rarely see the representation of television shows that embrace settings that set positive images for our children today, it is more towards exploiting the fact that times have changed and so should we as people. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Culture in Todays Society Team Assigment or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was a time when families gathered together and listened to programs being broadcast over the radio. During this time, that was considered a special bonding family moment. Further more families at one time would allow their children to watch programs that created positive messages between each other. The physical connections among families have altogether been replaced by modern technology such as televisions, cell phones, and computers. The intimate relationship between Americans and their families has changed so that people do not indulge in an open conversation with each other; it has certainly been replaced by modern amenities. There was a time when programs such as The Brady Bunch, The Cosby Show, and The Partridge Family were number one hits with families of that particular generation, now those choices have been replaced by reality TV, what is now considered family shows, such as American Idol, Big Brother, and Survivor. Among other television shows, Bart Simpson of the Simpson’s and Stewie Griffin of Family Guy, which should be targeted as an adult program, surprisingly are viewed by American children. Most of what is known about the world comes from figurative rather than experienced reality, particularly in advanced media-saturated societies like the United States. Youth today tend to be more influenced by pop culture and are more likely to take information from media sources into their worldview than older people. Children and adolescents largely rely on popular culture rather than draw from symbolic reality to form their cognitive scripts. How to cite Pop Culture in Todays Society Team Assigment, Essay examples

Brecht And Zola Use Language To Practice free essay sample

And Convey The Conventional Image Of Maternal Instinct Essay, Research Paper Bertolt Brecht s Mother Courage and Emile Zola s Therese Raquin are both plants with characters that possess maternal inherent aptitude. There is non a definite account for maternal inherent aptitude because it can be viewed otherwise. Although this is true, there is frequently a stereotype adult female with the right qualities of maternal inherent aptitude. This frequently articulates unrealistic images in people s heads. Instinct means an imposed set of values, imposed by the society and the manner they think a female parent should of course move by. Realistically, the replete depends on the female parent s temperament, the manner she wants to act depends on her emotions, which can non be articulated. Therefore, it is non possible to enforce a definite set of values for how a female parent should move for it varies from one female parent to another. Mother Courage is a female parent who fights for a life so that her three kids can last the war. War to her is a necessity because she needs the concern from the soldiers in order to last, but on the other manus, war is her ultimate enemy. She is making everything to maintain her and her kids from being involved with the war. It was her hubby s decease that lead to her natural defences for her kids and the war which in bend resulted in showing her strong maternal inherent aptitude. Besides, Mother Courage is forced to do determinations and puts a batch of attempt into seeking to remain with her kids. For illustration, when the Cook proposes to Mother Courage, Kattrin realizes that the Cook thinks she is a load and does non like her. Therefore, she decides to go forth, but Mother Courage chooses to go forth the Cook and follow Kattrin alternatively. Here, Mother Courage has sacrificed her possible public assistance in order to protect her lone kid left. [ Mother Courage ] We ll travel off in T other way, and we ll throw cook s material out so he finds it, silly adult male. But merely by looking at this protection towards her kids, one can non readily Assume that she is a good female parent. Through assorted forfeits made by her kids, Brecht portrayed traits of human selfishness. For illustration, when the Recruiter took her bravest boy, Eilif off: [ Recruiter to Eilif ] Got your premium money here, come along. Eilif stands open. [ Mother Courage ] Half a guilder it is. Mother Courage, who had ever distasted war, loses her most valuable thing, her bravest boy to war whilst dickering the monetary value of a best with the Sergeant. Here, Brecht uses situational sarcasm as an illustration of how Mother Courage did non run into the standards of a stereotypic maternal inherent aptitude. Brecht gave Mother Courage an unconventional response to losing her boy, where she is really tough-minded when she realizes her boy is lost. In a similar state of affairs, when a loving female parent realizes her boy or girl is losing, she is most likely to hold a much more dramatic and concerned attitude when compared to Mother Courage. Despite the loss of her kid, Mother Courage seems to hold the antonym of this. She decides to travel off with her auto and her two other kids to go on their support ; a sense of sarcasm is present every bit good. The technique here is to utilize illustrations, once more, to turn out that Mother Courage may non be the lovingness female parent she should be. Then loses her two other kids because of her ain opportunism in seeking to protect her cart instead so her kids. First she loses Swiss Cheese when she denies of cognizing her boy as she was asked and as a consequence, he is executed in torment. So in trade for her cart, she abuses Swiss Cheese s sovereignty. Then she loses her girl while Kattrin was warning the town of Halle of invasion. These three experiences of trade with war shows that Mother Courage embodies the qualities of cowardliness ; for preferring the cart for he R ain public assistance over her kids, dishonesty ; when she denies to the Sargent of cognizing Swiss Cheese, and selfishness ; for taking her ain benefits one time once more. Madame Raquin occupies the function of a really protective female parent in the work, Th R Se Raquin. She besides holds great duty for taking attention of Camille and his female cousin, Th R Se. Camille has been ill since his childhood, so she is besides considered Camille s guardian angel. During the ulterior old ages of her life, she virtually had to take attention of Camille s friend, Th R Se s 2nd hubby, Laurent, every bit good. From this, Zola decides to utilize Camille, Th R Se and Laurent to show what he perceives as the ideal maternal inherent aptitude. From Camille s childhood until he reaches maturity, Madame Raquin would neer life an oculus off him. She makes certain that he is safe wherever he went ; he is neer allowed to travel to school or learn to swim. Through this over-protection, she shapes Camille s character. She merely allows Camille to play with Th R Se, which makes him go really dependent on Th R Se as they coddled like an ailing kid, shared bed and medicine together and maintain in the hot house ambiance of the small invalid s room Not merely did Madame Raquin restrict Camille s life, but besides Th R Se s life. Discontent accumulated in her bosom as she is described as person with supreme self-denial, an external repose that concealed awful explosions of passion, ensuing to her unmanageable pique that lead to adultery. This besides made Camille miss the ability to pass on with people other so his household members, which shrunk his societal life. His lone opportunity to socialise is every Thursday, when Laurent and other friends come and visit him. Zola chose to utilize sarcasm to demo the great impact that Madame Raquin s regulations over Camille s life has on his hereafter, besides demoing the method that Madame Raquin idea was the best manner to learn and protect Camille. Madame Raquin is so disquieted about the life and decease of Camille, that at any suggestion that he should travel off to get oning school or the idea of books would be the decease of him, she would tremble all over and believed that off from her he would decease. Zola is besides an impressionistic author, which means Zola efforts to show the immediate esthesiss of the universe and events. He used the narrow, dark, moist, soiled, evil and glooming span to give an feeling of the limitations that Madame Raquin imposes on Camille. This emphasizes on how Madame Raquin s manner of protecting her boy is dry because of the feeling of isolation from the society and the sense of asphyxiation of limitations. The sarcasm is, by non leting freedom in Camille s life, Madame Raquin is indirectly taking him onto the route to no adult male s land. He believes that everything Madame Raquin is making is for his good. The other impressionistic image is the absence of visible radiation in the glooming span, hence it gives an feeling that it is someplace that is isolated, as if detached from the remainder of the influential and crying elements of society. Consequently here, Madame Raquin shapes Camille s character by forestalling him from holding an wild bosom whi ch may kill him, ironically. Conclusively, the two female parents in these two novels both have their ain features and their ain manner of covering with their kids. But non everyone may admit the ways they deal with their single jobs, some people may O.K. of it as being maternal love, and some others may differ. Even the writers may non hold entirely approved, they may hold used intentionalist false belief in order to portray the stereotypic female parent. Either manner, both writers chose to utilize state of affairss where maternal love was either needed or lacked ; as in Mother Courage, or was otiose ; as in Th R Se Raquin, to uncover maternal inherent aptitudes through different subdivisions of the secret plan.

Theatre History Essay Example

Theatre History Paper Throughout history, religion has played perhaps the most important role in the influence of cultural and societal trends.The ethics and values that a society holds dear are a direct result of the faith that binds that society together.Faith is something that governs, something that punishes, and when in jeopardy, it is something that people dont mind fighting over.Faith is a reflection of many things. Like literature, theatre has proven to be a reflection of faith.Both theatre and faith share common ground-they are both art forms of emotion, self-expression, and self-discovery.Faith influences society and society looks for an outlet of expression.Society often finds that outlet in theatre and despite restrictions, theatre has always had a way of outlining the best and worst of a societys faith. Before the widespread growth of Christianity over the last 2000 years, a majority of the world was polytheistic.In the Abydos Passion Play, possibly the earliest surviving evidence of theatre existence, Osiris, son of the supreme god, Geb, is murdered in a jealous rage and then later resurrected.After his resurrection, Osiris is unable to live on earth and goes on to live in the afterworld, judging the souls of others (8).This story strongly resembles the Christian passion play and although there is no definite proof that it was ever actually acted out in theatrical form, just the story itself and what it could possibly imply is enough to make one uneasy (9).The fact that the Abydos story is so much like the passion of Jesus Christ is interesting considering that they are separated by 2500 years and take place under totally opposite cultural roofs.This coincidence supports the notion generally agreed upon by most theatre scholars that as a social barometer, theatre has always been one step ahead of societal trends.As a twenty- first century Christian, it would appear that the theatre of ancient Egypt has h

Losing our Forest essays

Losing our Forest essays The tropical forests are the biomass more productive of the planet and of greater diversity. The amount of precipitations and the temperature cause that their only limited factor is the light. They extend by Central America and of the South, central Africa, Malaysian and Indonesia mainly. The Amazonian occupies 7% of the planet and locks up 50% of the world-wide biodiversity. In The Amazonian inhabit 70% of the terrestrial and vegetal animal species of the planet. The tropical forests are a lung for the planet, Amazonian, for example, in its gas interchange with the atmosphere it releases more of 50% of I oxygenate necessary for the life of the species animals, accumulate carbon through the photosynthesis, necessary thing for the carbon dioxide balance with the atmosphere. Along with the oceans regulate the climate of the planet. They regulate the hydrologic cycle. They generate ground and they protect it of phenomena like the erosion. The biodiversity that lives in them is incredible, calculates that by each 10Km2 of surface are 760 species of trees, 125 classes of mammals, 400 types of birds, 100 of reptiles and 60 of amphibians, among others. We can find prey birds that nest in the tops of the trees, below them monkeys, parrots, toucans and butterflies; at level of the ground we can find antelopes, wild boars, lizards, serpents, toads, frogs, felines. In addition we can find great amount of insects like grasshopper, ants, termites and others of great size. Altogether we can find more than 30,000 species of plants and they are discovered new every day, some of these still have unknown medicinal benefits, in the Brazilian Amazonian are a third of the trees of the planet, also exist great amount of frogs, 30 species of prawns, other 30 of crabs, 1500 freshwater fish species, but one thinks that it can arrive at 3000, two species of dolphins of river as well as crocodiles, giant turtles, otters. One calculates that it contai...

Electronic communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electronic communication - Essay Example This paper outlines categorically some examples that will help highlight the latter issue for ease of understanding. Basically, there are three types of electronic communications. These include: This is basically the simplest type of electronic communication and whereby transfer of messages is towards one direction at a time. In other words, the communication is one-way. Examples of such communication are: personal receiver (beeper), TV broadcasting and radio. A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy can be considered as a "Statement of Intent" or a "Commitment." For that reason at least, the decision-makers can be held accountable for their "Policy", (Paquette 200). Policies are therefore normally meant to ensure conformance with set objectives and in the case of electronic communication, one of the major issue of concern is privacy and security of communication. Electronic communication, unlike other forms of communication, poses great challenges to both the communicators and the communication service providers on how to ensure security of the messages. Another issue concerning use of electronic communication is its ability to bear legal value in that there have been issues on whether or not agreement reached using electronic communication can have evidential value (Madeline 198). There are, therefore, several policies governing use of electronic communication. One of the international policies on electronic communication is the New World Information Communication Order (NWICO). This is a UNESCO agency formed in the mid 1970s with the aim of bringing balance in world information flow (communication). NWICO was out to facilitate economic growth in the developing or third world countries by improving the communication system. According to it, free information flow encouraged economic development but was lacking in

Program and culture class in architecture Assignment

Program and culture class in architecture - Assignment Example I have particularly chosen this site because it presents a different culture from my own. I come from Indonesia and would like to experience a different culture. A sizeable number of customers attends the cafà © and as such, the number will be enough to draw meaningful conclusion. Riverside Public Library is one of the smallest libraries in the United States and I can easily access it since it is public. It is not congested like other public libraries and as such, I can easily conduct my study there. People attend the library from different cultural background and my visit there will provide me with an opportunity to mix and interact with different cultures. I will be able to identify one fellow who will introduce me to the place. The grocery is located with the Guatemalteca Bakery Restaurant and offers Guatemalan and Latin American foods. It is visited by a sizeable number of people and is accessible to members of the public. Since It is mostly attended my Latin American people, I will get an opportunity to interact with the new

Family and social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Family and social policy - Essay Example Throughout the eighties, they retained the plateau reached in divorce rates, and more than one-third of the marriages were likely to end in divorce. Focusing on these factors, Gittings (1993) argues that: 'There is no such thing as the family, and that no single form of the family has ever existed'. The impact of these changes has been perceptible for women at both ends of the childbearing years. In both age groups women have become less prone to be living as part of a married couple with children, and more prone to be either a lone parent, living alone or living as part of a childless couple. There has been a distinct shift for women from the role of spouse to the standing of the household head. Social and economic trends that have seen increased economic activity of women have conveyed these demographic developments. Though, socialists also distinguished eighties for the impact of economic recession and the rise of mass unemployment. These developments had a particular collision on families (mainly lone-parent families) and led to a threefold increase in the numbers of children living in poverty (Martin J, and Roberts C. 1984). In the death of a clear and wide-ranging model of family policy in Britain, response to demographic and social change has been incremental and sometimes contradictory. The family has increasingly become the center of political and public debate and disagreement. Attempts to persuade at times contrary objectives make any involvement in family policy exceedingly intricate.

Theories and models of change management

Theories and models of change management Nothing in this world is at the state of constant static. Everything is changing. Likewise, organisations are also changing all the time. If we look few decades back things have changed a lot. Change neither disappears nor dissipates. It is a process which is inevitable. What is important is how we manage the change to get the best out of it. Change is the major driving force for a company to be innovative and experiment with new management styles and tools. Changes can bring fortune in the company with improved profit margins and satisfied employees provided that the changes are handled properly with appropriate management strategies, however, if the organisations fails to come across the appropriate and effective management strategies then it can affect the company badly and at worst even collapsing or bankruptcy. So, the changes that an organisation face has to be planned, organised, directed, controlled and channelled effectively. This requires a good leadership quality in the le ader whoever that might be. Leaders can be CEO, Mangers, Chairperson or Board of Directors depending on the organisation. There are many management thinkers at different times who have proposed many different theories and model regarding the nature of change management and how to manage the changes effectively for better of the organisations. The next section of this essay will look at the different management thinkers and their management theories and models and their relevance with the changing business environment and how it is crucial for an organisation to undergo changes for its prosperity and progress. One of the first and most popular theories of change management was given by Kurt Lewin (1890-1947). Lewins model is rather simple however other change management theories are based on this model. Lewins model of change is divided into three stages of unfreeze, change and freeze referring 3 stages of changes The first step in the change in the behaviour is to unfreeze the existing situation which is also called quo state which is the equilibrium state. Unfreezing of the quo state is very important to break the resistance from the change. It can be done with either increasing driving forces away from the quo state or decrease the restraining forces that negatively affects the movement away from the equilibrium or use the both method .(Stephen, 2003) The second step which is the change stage is the movement where all the changes happen. This movement can be facilitated with by persuading the employees to agree on the changes, telling them the benefits of the changes and making them sure that everybody has to work together to get the best out of the changes and show them new perspectives.(Stephen, 2003) The third step is the freezing stage which is the step after the change has been implemented. This stage of the change is required for the changes to stick over time. Sustainability is very important when new changes have been made. The new changes have to be properly institutionalised and formally accepted by all. The actual integration of the new changes takes place in this unfreeze stage. (Stephen, 2003) According to Lewin (1951) driving forces facilitate change because they push employees in the desired direction. Restraining forces hinder change because they push employees in the opposite direction. Therefore, these forces must be analyzed and Lewins three-step model can help shift the balance in the direction of the planned change. Changes are very crucial since changes makes new and improved ideas to implement into action possible. (Kanter, R. et al. 1992) After Lewins model many other writers upgraded his theory making it more effective however the fundamental aspects were still there. One of the most popular model of change management is Kotters eight step model (Kotter, 1995). According to Kotter, successful implementation of change depends on the eight steps as proposed by him. Skipping any one of the eight steps might create illusion of speeding of the process but it does not improve the effectiveness of change.(Singh,1963) His eight steps include the following steps: Create a sense of urgency: This step includes analysing the market and examining the possible risks and opportunities along with the competition in the market. (Kotter,1996) Establishing the powerful group to guide the change: This step is to create a group which is capable to handle the changes and has enough power to lead the effort. The group should be encouraged to work as a team. (Kotter,1996) Develop a vision: This stage includes creating a proper vision of change in the organisation. Apart from this the change should be highly focused and should be in rather simple form so that everyone understands and accepts. (Kotter,1996) Communicate the vision : The vision that has been proposed has to be delivered or explained to everyone. A good communication of the vision is very important. (Kotter,1996) Empower staff: The next step is empowering the staffs. This step includes removing hurdles in the change and encouraging new and unconventional ideas and ways of doing things. (Kotter,1996) Ensure there are short terms win: It is very important to keep the staffs motivated. Short term wins help the staffs to remain motivated. This also helps the support needed for the change. (Kotter,1996) Consolidate gains: Organisation should check the policies that inhibit or restrain the changes and if there are any, they should be changed. The policies that catalyse the changes should be brought in to action to speed up the change and efficiency. (Kotter,1996) Institutionalise the change in the culture of the organisation: the changes that have been made should be institutionalised or embedded in the organisation as a culture and should be linked with the performance and leadership. (Kotter,1996) The first four steps of Kotters eight model act as a defroster a hardened equilibrium. Stages five to seven is the introduction of many new changes. It resembles with the change phase in the Lewins model. The last phase grounds the changes that have been made into the business or organisation culture. The success and improvement of the organisation depends on the proper follow of the sequence. ( Kotter,1996) The next change management model is the ADKAR model proposed by Jeffery M Hait (2006). ADKAR is basically a framework to understand change in the individual level which was later used in the field of business and management. It comprises of five elements which are Awareness (of the need of change), Desire ( to support and participate in the change), Knowledge( of how to change), Ability( to implement required skills and behaviours) and Reinforcement( to sustain the change). (Hait,2006) Awareness represents the understanding of the need of the change along with the nature and the affects of not going through the change. (Haitt,2006) Desire represents the desire to participate in the change. Even though desire is much more about the personal choice, it can be created with the intrinsic environment. There are many factors that create desire in the individual about the changes. (Haitt,2006) Knowledge is the basically the trainings and information access about how to change. Knowledge is very important as it is very necessary to have trainings and information access to implement the change. (Haitt,2006) Ability shows the actual implementation of the change at the required pace. It also represents the conversion for knowledge into action. How well the changes have been executed depends on the ability of the group or an individual. (Haitt,2006) Reinforcement represents the sustainability of the change. Sustainability depends on both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors. External factors include recognition, rewards and celebrations that are tied to the realisation of the change. The internal factor is the sense of achievement among the individuals regarding the change.(Haitt,2006) The ADKAR model is in very much sequential manner. It clearly represents how an individual experiences change. Desire cannot come before awareness because desires are only triggered when we are aware, similarly knowledge cannot come before desire as we do not seek for the knowledge before we have desire for it and similarly ability and reinforcement. (Haitt,2006) Having discussed the models of change management it is very important to know that these models were not created just for the sake of creating. Their implications have been highly beneficial in the real context. It is very important to realise that the importance of the change in the corporate society. Technological innovations and globalisation has made this world a much smaller place. Changing according to the changing world is necessary otherwise you just lag behind and can become very hard to get along all over again. To survive and prosper organisations must adopt strategies that realistically reflect their ability to manage multiple future scenarios. ( Paton, McCalman,2000) Business and managers are now faced with ever more complex and high dynamic operating environments than before. If we take a real life example then we can see that the car companies nowadays not only manufacture cars these days but they do much more than just do the manufacturing. They are involved in how to distribute them more widely and how to get more market share and manufacturing more diverse range of cars. Another real life example is the example of BRITISH AIRWAYS. Back in 1981 BRITISH AIRWAYS appointed a new chairperson. When he was appointed the company was very inefficient and wasnt properly utilising the resources. He then made a lot of changes in the company and restructured the whole company. For this he first analysed and realised that the company needed a lot of changes to gain more profit margins and he did so through change management methodology. Then he analysed the areas for the change. The company then systematically reduced the staffs. However, before doing this, through his change management leadership, he let the company know about the need for change to prepare them for the upcoming changes and the benefits behind it. He was able to let the company know about the changes about to happen which shows a good communication and was able to direct the company to prosperity and success. Change as we already said is inevitable and no one can escape the change. The fear of adjusting into new changes and risks that brings along with it is the reason that restrains the change. Having said that change is one of the most important parts of the growth. There can never be development and growth without change. Thats why different writers and management thinkers have published different theories and model to analyse the mechanism of change so as to better understand the change. These theories work as a testimony to the fact that the change is a real phenomenon and can be analyzed through different steps and methods. As I have discussed three models of change management in this essay, each model follows the same basic fundamental framework of the mechanism of change. However, each model has a different way of looking at the things. Lewins model is rather simple which sees change into 3 stages resembling it to the stages before the change, during the change and after the change. Lewins model is more of a generalised model. So, Lewins model of change exhibits the forces that either increase or restrain the changes. To sum up, when the combined strength of one force is greater than the combined strength of the restraining forces, then the change is more likely to happen. (Stephen, 2003) It also says what the factors are that we have to consider during the process of change. Kotters eight model theory sees the change phenomenon into eight different stages. Kotter has defined the change process into many different stages which gives us a more clear idea of how change happens and how a company succeed through change. Kotters model describes how market analysis creates the need of changes and how the changes have to be well communicated to the member of staffs to motivate them for the change. The next theory ADKAR sees change more from individualistic point rather than the change itself. ADKAR says that the staffs have to be aware about the need of change which creates desire for the change. Knowledge increases the ability to cope with the changes and reinforcement stabilises the changes. ADKAR basically cover all the major aspects of change. These three models of changes have a very good implication in the real world. Lewins model being rather simple might not be appropriate for the current change in the business world however the fundamental aspect of change is there. Kotters eight model and ADKAR are quite similar. Kotters model focus more on the change itself however ADKAR focuses on the individual level. I feel that Kotters model covers almost all the aspects of the change. It not only tells about the need of change but also how the changes have to be implemented. It talks about the communication and encouraging each other to work as a team. Apart from this it also says about empowering staffs which is very important and also the motivating factors like short term win makes this model much more applicable for all kinds of institutions and more reliable. With the end of my literature review I would like to research further on the topic: Importance of change for a prosperous future.

Graduation Speech: Our Next Big Climb :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Class of 2012, we've finally made it, but not without the help of our parents, teachers and mentors along the way. Maybe what they did for us was that they were a good rudder and we're the ship, and they got us to the sea where we remember who we are. Because we all get in that fog, where we forget who we are or what we're about, we get overwhelmed. I mean I've been there plenty of times in my life. But we're not going to remember most of our lives until the end. But we will remember certain moments. Maybe it's our first 4.0 report card, maybe it's our first 100 percent biology test, maybe it's our first homerun, our first touchdown. Whatever it may be, it will stay with us forever. Many of us have been together through elementary, middle and high school, and we have all had to work hard and remain focused to be where we are today. All change happens in a minute. Your life changes in a moment. Something triggers you and you finally make a decision and it all shifts. As years go by, y our body is going to change, your relationships are going to change, your attitude is going to change. Change is automatic, but progress is not. Our progress has brought us here tonight, and tonight will become one of those moments that we will cherish forever. I have been in the martial arts for about 12 years now, and I remembered my martial arts instructor, Mr. Charles Pearson, sitting everybody down during a black belt testing and telling us, "Earning a black belt is very much like climbing a mountain. You work hard, and eventually you'll work your way up to the top. But once you're there, your journey is not over; it simply has just begun. And you realize that there are other mountains for you to climb." As I now reflect back, I realize that school is very much the same. Our first mountain was a long, yet a fun, 12-year climb. Like all of the other unforgettable moments, this climb, in about 90 minutes or so will come to an end. We have finally reached our high school mountain top, and for a lot of us our next big climb may be to go to college. And for some of us, our next big climb may be to get a job, to travel around the world, start a new business, or even a career.